Google BBR support comes builtin in kernel > 4.9 but needs to be enabled at compile time.
In VyOS to enable it just modify packages/vyos-kernel/arch/x86/configs/x86_64_vyos_defconfig
around line 940 uncomment
#CONFIG_TCP_CONG_BBR is not set
and set it
CONFIG_TCP_CONG_BBR=m
Then in VyOS you can switch to BBR by simply issuing system sysctl config commands